I just finished a wonderful book called “The Sea Around Us” by Rachel L. Carson. It’s a beautifully written, stunningly objective and timeless book and it covers just about everything one could possibly want to know about the sea: the beginnings, the workings of it, marine life, navigation, the effects of it on the whole world - and its role as the global thermostat.
The book was written in 1950 when “global warming” was still far from being born as a catchy term and political tool. The author wasn’t caught up in pop science or the pollution du jour, as we tend to be in our modern thinking that’s ruled by our midget-sized attention spans and our need to pinpoint and eliminate right now what’s messing with our Wednesday. She based her chapter about The Global Thermostat on centuries and decades worth of findings by all sorts of people in all sorts of places, and wouldn’t you know it, her account is still accepted as valid scientific knowledge today. If I was a rabid promoter of the global-warming-by-pollution idea, this would drive me batty.
Don’t get me wrong, I’m all against pollution and I think the ozone layer should be left whole without a hole for at least another 563,000,000 years and it’d be nice if we could live on this planet without trying to turn it into hot mash as fast as we can. But back in 1950, and even way before that, a good many people knew that it doesn’t take a few million Fords to mess with our climate.
Carson refers to Otto Petterson, a Swedish oceanographer, whose observations and research in the Gulmarfiord in the Baltic led to an ‘extraordinarily interesting document’, written in 1912 and titled “Climatic Variations In Historic And Prehistoric Time.” It all has to do with distinct layers of water, immense submarine tide waves, moon tides, sun tides, and herring. Actually, the herring situation was a result of the other stuff, but it illustrates how normal, cyclic, sea-caused climate changes can make a region or country filthy rich in the Middle Ages and then toss them back into economic oblivion a few centuries later.
It goes beyond the herring come and gone in the Baltic. Petterson also linked other ’startling and unusual occurrences’ in the world of nature to these centuries of great tides. Polar ice blocked much of the North Atlantic. The coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic were laid waste by violent storm floods. The winters were of ‘unexampled severity’ and in consequence of the climatic rigors political and economic catastrophes occurred all over the populated regions of the earth (more on that below.) Based on scientific, historic, and literary evidence, he states that the world’s most recent period of maximum tides, and most rigorous climate, occurred about 1433, its effect being felt, however, for several centuries before and after that year. The minimum tidal effect prevailed about A.D. 550, and it will occur again about the year 2400.
So, how does a bit of extra cold ‘n stormy weather up north affect countries thousands of miles away? It’s fascinating, really. As part of those northern climatic rigors of the 1300s and 1400s, the Baltic actually froze over, which shifted the course of storms originating in the low pressure belt south of Iceland. In southern Europe, as a result, there were unusual storms, crop failures, famine, and distress. Not saying that the people back then did what we’re so fond of doing now, but people in distress (be it starvation or unaffordability of gas guzzlers) like to blame the government, so ta-dah, there’s political unrest.
Wrote Petterson: “All these ancient records of climatic variations seem to be an indication that cyclic changes in the oceanic circulation and in the conditions of the Atlantic had occurred, as no geologic alteration that could influence the climate has occurred for the past six or seven centuries.”
Wrote Carson: “Now in our lifetime we’re witnessing a startling alteration of climate [...]. It is now established beyond question that a definite change in the arctic climate set in about 1900, that it became astonishingly marked about 1930, and that it is now spreading into sub-arctic and temperate regions. The frigid top of the world is very clearly warming up.”
I could add here another long thingy about changes in North Atlantic and Arctic Sea navigation, but I think I made my point… there was none of our modern-day pollution in our modern-day amounts around when the Swedish had their Middle Ages herring heyday or the 700 B.C. trade routes for amber changed or the wolves walked across the Baltic on ice. Or when southern birds started showing up in Greenland 90 years ago.
Global warming, yeah, it’s happenin’. But any politician who’s promising to put a stop to it is blowing thin Wednesday air :o)